Why does blood sugar rise during the flu even when you’re eating less?

A patient visited a clinic with typical flu symptoms, including fever, cough, body aches, and extreme fatigue. A cause for concern was the sudden spike in his blood sugar despite minimal eating. This is a significant worry for individuals with diabetes, as infections can complicate blood sugar control, elevating the risk of complications.

With the flu, it may appear puzzling that blood sugar can increase even when eating less. However, the body releases stress hormones during an infection to combat the illness, which can raise blood glucose levels. Regular blood sugar monitoring is crucial when experiencing flu, adhering to the doctor’s sick-day plan. Keep a record of readings and contact a doctor if levels remain significantly higher or lower than normal.

Rule number one in a sick-day plan is not to stop diabetes medications on one’s own. The required adjustments depend on the medications taken, blood sugar readings, and eating habits during illness. Fluids are particularly important when the flu causes loss of appetite. Small, tolerable portions of food are preferable, and staying hydrated is essential as dehydration can complicate blood sugar management and exacerbate the infection.

Over-the-counter cold or flu medicines may not be safe for diabetics, as some contain ingredients that affect blood sugar or interact with other medications. Consulting a doctor before using such remedies is advisable. Antiviral treatment might be recommended for diabetics at higher risk of influenza complications. Early initiation of antiviral medicines is crucial if flu symptoms have recently emerged.

While most flu cases can be managed with proper care, certain warning signs necessitate immediate medical attention, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, severe weakness, confusion, persistent vomiting, signs of dehydration, or extreme fluctuations in blood sugar. Dehydration can worsen diabetes complications, making early medical advice crucial for people with diabetes during infections.

The flu vaccine is often overlooked by those with diabetes, but it holds significance worldwide, not just in colder regions. Diabetes can increase susceptibility to severe influenza complications, and the vaccine is not lifelong protection. The flu virus constantly evolves, necessitating updated vaccines each season. Additionally, the pneumococcal vaccine is another important consideration for diabetics, as it can prevent serious infections like pneumonia.

Proper preventive measures include regular hand washing, avoiding close contact with the sick, covering mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing, and staying home when unwell. Prevention, not just treatment, forms the best flu strategy. Being prepared is vital, especially for those with diabetes, as it does not mean fearing the flu but being a little more vigilant.