MS therapy uses patients' red blood cells to curb autoimmune attacks without broadly suppressing immunity

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that primarily affects young adults. The disease is caused by immune cells, primarily T lymphocytes, mistakenly attacking the brain and spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as impaired vision, loss of sensation, paralysis, and severe fatigue. Existing treatments for MS suppress the immune system broadly and can cause significant side effects.

Researchers from the University of Zurich (UZH), the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and other collaborating institutions have developed a novel MS therapy that utilizes the patient's own red blood cells (erythrocytes), with specific protein constituents attached. This therapy targets the misguided immune response in MS by redirecting it toward these cells.

Upon returning to the body, these erythrocytes are broken down primarily in the liver and spleen, presenting the attached antigens to the immune system in a way that promotes tolerance, aiming to train the immune system to stop attacking these endogenous structures.

The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, demonstrates that this autologous erythrocyte therapy is well-tolerated in an initial clinical trial. The researchers report promising mechanisms of action and good safety, as the therapy selectively suppresses the autoimmune response without broadly suppressing the immune system, potentially reducing the side effects associated with current treatments.

The clinical efficacy of the therapy remains to be established, and a forthcoming trial is planned to investigate its effectiveness, once sufficient funding is secured. The researchers have also established the biotech company Cellerys to facilitate the development and commercialization of this novel MS therapy.