How forever chemicals may raise risks for pregnant women, fetuses

A groundbreaking study published in Environmental Science & Technology suggests that so-called "forever chemicals," also known as PFAS, may pose potential risks to pregnant women and their fetuses. Lead researcher Joshua Robinson, a UCSF Professor, and his team have identified that exposure to PFAS alters thousands of proteins in human placental cells, which could contribute to pregnancy complications like preterm births, low birth weights, and preeclampsia.

PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of chemicals that resist breaking down and can linger in the environment for thousands of years. They are present in various products, including nonstick cookware, waterproof fabrics, and food packaging. Over 95% of pregnant women in the U.S. have detectable levels of PFAS in their blood.

The study focused on specialized placental cells called trophoblasts, which play a crucial role in the placenta's function, such as attaching to the uterus and providing oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. The researchers exposed trophoblasts to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a type of PFAS, and analyzed about 3,200 proteins in these cells using mass spectrometry.

The results showed that PFOA exposure led to changes in the levels of approximately 270 proteins. Many of these proteins are involved in energy production and lipid metabolism, which are critical for a healthy placenta and pregnancy. Additionally, the study found that PFOA affects proteins involved in the placenta's immune defenses, potentially interfering with the placenta's response to infections and other threats.

While the study provides clues about how PFAS exposure may disrupt placental cell function, more research is needed to confirm the links between these cellular changes and specific pregnancy complications. The researchers emphasize the urgent need for regulatory action to address PFAS contamination, given its widespread presence in the environment.