厄尔尼诺的增温效应强于拉尼娜的降温效应。如何准确模拟这种不对称性？

Research reveals that the warming effect of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is stronger than its cooling effect of La Niña. Modeling these differences accurately is crucial for understanding Earth's climate system and improving predictions of future ENSO events. Previous studies focused on large-scale processes like wind stress and thermal equilibration, but a new approach looks at smaller scale aspects to explain this asymmetry.

A study compared 35 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models and found that those with greater temperature daily variation captured the ENSO asymmetry more effectively. The driving factor behind this mechanism is an inverse difference in mean sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific regions. This eastward temperature gradient causes uneven warming in the ocean for months or even longer, resulting in El Niño's warming effect being greater than La Niña's cooling effect.

Improving climate models by incorporating larger daily temperature variation ranges could enhance ENSO simulations by up to 38.5%. This emphasizes the importance of daily temperature changes in modeling large-scale climate events like El Niño. Additionally, introducing larger daily amplitude (DA) may affect other aspects of ENSO simulations, such as phase locking, asymmetry, and amplitude changes, providing valuable guidance for developing other climate models.