환자 10명 중 9명이 여성…신장·폐까지 공격하는 자가면역질환? [건강한겨레]

Nine out of ten patients diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are women, often experiencing symptoms during their 20s to 40s. The condition occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies normal tissues as foreign and attacks them, leading to chronic inflammation that can affect various organs, including the kidneys, lungs, heart, and brain.

The exact cause of SLE remains unknown, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic factors, environmental influences, hormones, and immune system abnormalities. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint and muscle pain, unexplained weight loss, hair loss, and a characteristic "mosaic rash" on the cheeks and nose.

Women may also develop "sun sensitivity," with skin irritation or redness after sun exposure, oral ulcers, and a rash that appears after exposure to cold or stress. In severe cases, SLE can cause kidney inflammation (lupus nephritis), chest pain, shortness of breath, heart inflammation, and neurological symptoms like seizures or cognitive impairment.

Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms, clinical examination, and laboratory tests like the ANA test, as well as imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs. Treatment aims to manage inflammation, prevent organ damage, and improve the patient's quality of life. Antimalarial drugs and low-dose steroids are often used for mild symptoms, while higher doses of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed for more severe cases affecting major organs.

Regular blood and urine tests, along with monitoring kidney function, are essential for managing the condition. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate sleep, and stress management are also crucial for maintaining overall health.