South Africa: What Are Broadly Neutralising Antibodies and What Do They Mean for the Fight Against HIV?
[spotlight] HIV is known for its ability to outsmart our immune system's normal defences. A small number of people living with the virus are however able to generate unusually effective immune responses. In this special briefing, we zoom in on broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), the secret sauce in these immune responses, and their potential role in the future of HIV treatment and prevention.
Broadly neutralising antibodies, or bNAbs, are a unique type of antibody that can effectively neutralise HIV, even as the virus constantly changes. After years of living with HIV, some individuals naturally produce bNAbs, which recognise parts of the virus that change very little. However, these bNAbs may not be effective if HIV has changed too much by the time they develop. Researchers have identified many bNAbs over the years and have made progress in replicating and producing them in the lab.
Currently, researchers are investigating whether bNAbs, given as infusions or injections, can prevent HIV infection in HIV-negative individuals and control the virus in those already living with HIV. This research is still in the early stages, but HIV prevention efforts have also focused on antiretroviral medicines, which are highly effective at preventing HIV transmission.
Recently, a monthly lenacapavir HIV prevention injection has been rolled out in public sector clinics to around 10% of clinics. Some scientists believe that bNAbs could potentially serve as a form of HIV PrEP, as they may be more effective at recognising and neutralising the constantly evolving virus.
Written by urgent.news from AllAfrica Health's reporting — not their text. Machine-written — may contain errors; check the original before relying on it.
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