Germany Becomes Europe’s Largest Cannabis Market

Germany has emerged as Europe's leading regulated cannabis market after implementing partial legalization in 2024. Part of the Cannabis Act (CanG) came into effect on April 1, 2024, enabling adults to possess limited quantities of cannabis, grow plants privately, and join non-profit cannabis clubs. Furthermore, the reform expanded access to medical cannabis via prescriptions.

However, Germany has not yet introduced a comprehensive commercial retail market for recreational cannabis. Instead, the current framework emphasizes personal cultivation, cannabis clubs, and controlled medical access.

Since the reforms, Germany's medical cannabis market has witnessed a sharp rise in imports. From 8,143 kilograms in the first quarter of 2024, medical cannabis imports surged to 50,539 kilograms by the first quarter of 2026. A study conducted by the University of Hamburg revealed that over 200 tonnes of cannabis were available in Germany in 2025, with roughly 2.6 tonnes being domestically produced.

The market's valuation was estimated at around $997 million in 2025, as per cannabis market intelligence firm Prohibition Partners.

The rapid expansion of the market has sparked political debate in Germany. Critics from conservative parties have advocated for stricter regulations, citing potential public health risks and increased accessibility among young individuals. In response, the government has contemplated tighter rules for medical cannabis, including limitations on online prescriptions and deliveries.

Proponents of the reform, however, contend that regulation has alleviated pressure on law enforcement and facilitated the integration of cannabis access into a controlled system. Illegal cannabis markets have reportedly declined since legalization, while overall consumption remains relatively stable. Experts emphasize that enhanced regulation, clearer THC labeling, and improved public education could mitigate health concerns without reversing legalization.

Despite these challenges, Germany's cannabis reforms have positioned the country as the foremost regulated cannabis market in Europe. The industry's future will hinge on policymakers' ability to strike a balance between legal access, public health protections, and market regulation.