Experimental compound helps burn fat without muscle loss

Over the past few years, GLP-1 medications like Ozempic and Wegovy have revolutionized the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. These drugs facilitate significant weight loss and help patients manage blood sugar levels, but they may also lead to nausea, gastrointestinal issues, nutritional deficiencies, and muscle loss.

In a study published in Science Advances, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a novel approach to combat obesity and diabetes. Their compound, 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furoic acid (TOFA), boosts metabolic activity and lipid breakdown while activating genes that promote fat utilization for energy production. When tested on mice, TOFA improved insulin sensitivity, reduced triglyceride levels, and alleviated fatty liver disease symptoms.

Importantly, obese mice treated with TOFA lost fat without experiencing significant muscle mass reduction. Professor Anders Nåer, the study's senior author, explained that GLP-1 medications primarily focus on reducing calorie intake, whereas their investigation targets increased energy expenditure. TOFA was initially discovered in the 1970s as an ACC inhibitor, which reduces lipid production.

However, unlike other ACC inhibitors, TOFA activates PPARα and PPARδ receptors, leading to increased energy use without causing triglyceride level elevation. The compound also showed synergistic effects when combined with GLP-1 medications, potentially offering a safer and more effective alternative for obesity and diabetes treatment.