DNCB shows hormetic effects in THP 1 cells: low-dose enhancement of metabolic activity
2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) is a well-characterized skin sensitizer that has been widely used in immunological and toxicological research and, historically, in clinical immunotherapy. Although it is a well-investigated chemical, this is the first study focusing on the dose response behavior at low-level concentrations. The aim was to reveal potential hormetic effects due to its known Nrf2…
A recent study has revealed intriguing hormetic effects of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on THP-1 cells, particularly at low concentrations. Historically used in immunological and toxicological research, DNCB is a well-known skin sensitizer. This study aimed to explore its dose response behavior at low-level concentrations, focusing on potential hormetic effects due to its Nrf2-inducing activity.
To achieve this, THP-1 cells were exposed to varying concentrations of DNCB, with metabolic activity and immune activation evaluated as endpoints. The results showed a significant hormetic effect on metabolic activity at lower cell densities, with DNCB increasing activity to approximately 125% of control levels at 0.05 micromolar DNCB. For immune activation, a slight decrease in CD86 and CD54 surface marker expression was observed, up to -16% and -12% respectively, at 0.5 micromolar DNCB.
These findings emphasize the significance of considering low dose concentrations when examining chemical dose-response relationships and assessing toxicological risk. This is the first study to investigate DNCB's hormetic effects at such low concentrations, providing valuable insights into its complex biological interactions.
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