Gene markers quantify damage in individual kidney and liver cells

Researchers at the University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, and the Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research have introduced a groundbreaking method to precisely quantify damage in individual kidney and liver cells. This innovative approach relies on molecular markers—specifically gene expression—to provide detailed insights into disease progression within tissue samples, such as biopsies.

The technique hinges on a computer-assisted system that identifies specific marker genes to measure damage to podocytes (kidney cells) and hepatocytes (liver cells). Both types of cells play crucial roles in age-related diseases. Employing single-cell RNA sequencing data and spatial transcriptome data, the method can be universally applied, extending its utility to other cell types and organs.

Professor Dr. Andreas Beyer, leading the study from the Cluster of Excellence on Aging Research CECAD, highlighted the method's versatility. The findings, published in the journal Cell Genomics, reveal distinct disease trajectories using cell-type-specific damage scores, enabling researchers to differentiate early mechanisms from later changes or even patient-specific progressions. This advancement could significantly enhance personalized treatment strategies.

Dr. Martin Kann, a nephrologist involved in the project, emphasized the method's potential to identify critical early stages where interventions could be most effective. The researchers are now refining the method to improve disease progression predictions in patients. The study, conducted through collaboration between basic research and clinical medicine experts, opens new avenues for tailoring medical treatments more precisely to individual needs.