Ukraine’s Direct War Damage Reaches $197.5 Billion as of February 2026

The cumulative direct damage inflicted upon Ukraine by Russia's ongoing invasion stood at $197.5 billion by February 2026, marking a 16% increase from the November 2024 estimate. The KSE Institute, in collaboration with Ukraine's Ministry for Communities and Territories Development and the Ministry of Economy, conducted the assessment.

Housing emerged as the most severely impacted sector, with an estimated $65.9 billion in damage. Russian strikes have obliterated or damaged hundreds of thousands of facilities nationwide. The assessment encompasses direct losses of tangible assets, encompassing real estate, infrastructure, transportation, and inventories. Housing constitutes the predominant share of the damage, with nearly 416,000 residential buildings damaged or demolished due to Russian aggression.

Transport infrastructure incurred $42 billion in losses, while around 29,000 kilometers of state, local, and municipal roads were damaged or destroyed. Damage to Ukrzaliznytsia, port infrastructure, and the aviation sector amounted to $5 billion, $1.2 billion, and $2 billion, respectively. Industry, construction, and services suffered $18.4 billion in losses.

Since the onset of the full-scale war, approximately 12,600 enterprises - primarily small businesses - and 100 large and medium-sized private companies, along with 500 state-owned enterprises, sustained damage or destruction. The energy sector witnessed a significant surge in damage, with direct losses growing by 25% to $18.3 billion.

Russian forces persistently target power generation facilities, electricity grids, and other critical infrastructure. Educational infrastructure damage is estimated at $12.2 billion, with nearly 4,800 educational institutions in 22 regions of Ukraine damaged or destroyed. The agricultural sector incurred $12.1 billion in damage, including $7.1 billion in losses to agricultural machinery and $1.9 billion in destroyed and stolen agricultural products.

Total direct losses in the public sector, covering education, science, healthcare, cultural, sports, social, and administrative infrastructure, amounted to $22.8 billion. Healthcare infrastructure experienced $4.5 billion in damage. Losses to digital infrastructure reached $1.8 billion. The KSE Institute cautions that the actual extent of destruction could be considerably higher, as access to temporarily occupied territories and areas of active hostilities is limited.

Furthermore, the assessment does not encompass damage incurred following February 2026, such as destruction from intensified Russian missile attacks during the summer months. In 2023, the international Register of Damage for Ukraine was established under the Council of Europe's auspices, with 44 countries and the European Union joining the initiative.

The register collects claims from individuals and legal entities impacted by Russia's aggression, which will be reviewed and compensated by the International Claims Commission for Ukraine, established in December 2025.