In Israel, military service debate spotlights ultra-Orthodox Jews and their growing clout

Ultra-Orthodox Jewish families are a visibly prominent aspect of Israeli life. Men are easily identifiable in black suits and hats, while women wear modest long sleeves, skirts, and head coverings. Children often accompany the family, clad in matching outfits. The ultra-Orthodox community has been gaining ground in terms of numbers, politics, and cultural influence, which has led to conflicts with other Jews across the religious and secular spectrum.

Central to the ultra-Orthodox belief system is the idea that the study and teaching of scripture is the highest pursuit, surpassing even working or enlisting in the military. This perspective has put the ultra-Orthodox at odds with the broader Israeli population, especially as tensions mount over proposed changes to the military draft exemption for ultra-Orthodox men amidst the ongoing war and imminent national elections where ultra-Orthodox parties are likely to hold significant sway.

Judith Rosenblum, a woman with seven sons and one daughter, expresses concern over the potential impact of conscription on her children's religious practices. Even though three of her sons enlisted after the Hamas attack in October 2023, Rosenblum acknowledges that her children who opted for full-time Torah study and financial support, are still admirable. She believes that her children who served in the military performed a commendable act by defending the country.

For the ultra-Orthodox, known as Haredim in Hebrew, full-time Torah study remains the central mission of life. Hebrew scholar Rabbi Beryl Gershenfeld explains that understanding the Torah is critical, and the study of sacred texts and commentaries forms the core of their community’s identity. Rabbi Heshy Grossman, administrator at a prominent Jerusalem yeshiva, emphasizes that these institutions serve as the heart of the ultra-Orthodox community.

A 22-year-old student, Etl Lovy, is completing his five-year Torah study program and preparing for marriage. He emphasizes the significance of the teachings he is receiving, believing that every commandment and good deed provides a pathway to fulfillment and holiness. Lovy, like many in the ultra-Orthodox community, views each commandment and deed as a means to connect with the divine, with the highest aspiration being the study of God's word.