Enhancing groundwater potential mapping in arid regions through integrated microwave remote sensing, statistical analysis, and geophysical-based modeling

Water scarcity in arid regions has made the mapping and management of structurally controlled aquifers (SCAq) a critical issue. This study introduces an integrative approach that combines statistical remote sensing methods with geophysical investigations to precisely identify groundwater potential (GwP) zones within the Wadi Hodein basin in Egypt's Eastern Desert.

The research utilized microwave remote sensing data from Sentinel-1 SAR, ALOS PALSAR, and IMERG, along with geophysical techniques such as aeromagnetic surveys and DC resistivity measurements. By developing ensemble bivariate models (EBF-IOE and WOE-IOE) that incorporate morphometric, climatic, and hydrogeological datasets, the study achieved an impressive predictive accuracy of 80.11%.

Geophysical analyses revealed that the promising GwP zones are influenced by lineament density, lithologic variations, and fault networks. These findings demonstrate that integrating statistical modeling with geophysical methods is essential for transitioning from broad regional predictions to a detailed understanding of SCAq. The proposed framework is scalable and can mitigate risks in groundwater exploration across arid regions globally, promoting sustainable extraction and managed aquifer recharge strategies.