India and Africa: Relations Beyond Rhetorics

India and Africa share a deep and historic bond that extends beyond mere rhetoric. While friendly discussions are common, it is crucial to evaluate the true nature and strength of the relationship for effective policy-making. Throughout history, India has demonstrated unwavering support for African countries, especially during their fight against colonialism, through their participation in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

India has consistently advocated for the concerns of African nations, particularly the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), in various international forums such as GATT/WTO, UN/CHOGM, and Climate Change negotiations.

In 2023, India took a significant step forward by securing a permanent seat for the African Union (AU) in the G20, a move widely appreciated by African nations. India's commitment to Africa goes beyond words, as it has provided extensive capacity-building assistance, focusing on education, infrastructure, and defense. Indian teachers and professors have gained respect across the continent, with many recalling their Indian mentors even after decades.

The country's ITEC program has trained thousands of Africans, who have risen to influential positions in their respective governments and sectors.

India has also invested in training women in solar panel technology, known as "Solar Mamas," who return to their communities and electrify at least 50 houses each. The Pan-Africa e-network initiative, launched under the vision of former President APJ Abdul Kalam, aimed to enhance connectivity and capacity building across 48 African countries through telemedicine, tele-education, and e-governance. This program, funded by the Indian government, has successfully trained over 7,000 students in various subjects.

Since the 1950s, India has encouraged African students to pursue higher education and training in Indian institutions, resulting in more than 55,000 African students currently residing in India. India has also been actively involved in defense capacity building and UN peacekeeping operations in Africa since the 1960s, particularly in preventing genocide in South Sudan and Liberia. Indian women police personnel have also made significant contributions in Liberia.

In recent years, India has increased its engagement with the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) to address issues such as genocide and ethnic cleansing. The country has also taken an active role in anti-piracy operations in the East Coast of Africa to ensure free maritime trade and communication. India's navy has escorted around 2,500 vessels, emphasizing the importance of strategic maritime domain awareness.

As the US-Iran and Israel conflict unfolds, India must reevaluate its energy security efforts in Africa, focusing on collaboration and capacity building to ensure the free flow of sea lanes for communication and trade. Indian diaspora in Africa, numbering 3 million, plays a crucial role in building people-to-people bridges and contributing to the growth of bilateral relations through their leadership positions acquired during their stay abroad.