If we want a human rights economy, Africa must change from within

If Africa is to achieve a human rights economy, change must begin within the continent itself. Human rights violations are often associated with acts like silencing journalists, breaking up peaceful protests or detaining political activists. However, economic rights such as access to adequate food, safe housing, quality education and reliable healthcare are equally important. These rights are enshrined in international treaties and agreements, obligating governments to provide for their citizens' basic needs.

Despite Africa being home to some of the world's fastest-growing economies, the region is also among the most unequal globally. Many African nations are among the world's most unequal regions. While nearly all African countries have signed the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the reality on the ground reveals a significant disparity between promises and actions.

For example, hunger has become a major issue in Africa. While it fell in Asia and Latin America, the number of people facing hunger in Africa rose from 171 million in 2010 to around 309 million by 2025. Similarly, education quality has become a major concern in Africa. An estimated 80% of children in Africa cannot read a simple text by the age of ten. Furthermore, less than half of the African population has reliable access to medical services.

The continent's failure to meet its economic rights obligations is also evident in other areas, such as forced evictions, lack of economic freedom and corruption. Governments must honor their commitments to fund essential sectors like agriculture, education and healthcare, which are crucial for building a human rights economy. This involves legally guaranteeing minimum expenditure on these sectors, tackling corruption, and ensuring transparency and accountability.

By embracing a human rights economy framework, African governments can ensure their development is inclusive, sustainable and equitable.