Could saunas, ice baths affect male fertility? Here’s what evidence says

The popularity of wellness trends like saunas and ice baths has extended to discussions about male fertility. However, scientific evidence does not consistently support claims that these practices improve male fertility or sperm health. Testosterone levels and fertility are distinct concepts; while high testosterone might be desirable, it can negatively impact sperm production.

Saunas and cold plunges can provide benefits like improved sleep, stress reduction, and general well-being, but these should not be conflated with evidence of enhanced fertility. A large 2024 study from China found that exposure to extreme temperatures, such as saunas, was linked to poorer semen quality. A separate Italian study showed that regular sauna use over three months led to declines in sperm count and motility.

While cold exposure has been suggested to aid recovery and reduce muscle soreness after exercise, current evidence does not support the notion that it improves fertility. Cold-water immersion may have some short-term benefits, but it does not appear to increase testosterone, sperm quality, or the chances of conception. The scientific community has not yet established whether cold-water immersion affects ovulation, egg quality, or conception in women.

As with many wellness trends, it's crucial to avoid assuming that one alleged benefit will automatically lead to another. While occasional sauna or cold plunge sessions may not significantly impact fertility, the tendency to assume one claimed benefit will lead to another can be misleading, especially when it comes to fertility.