Can a drug help prevent trauma? Study with mice suggests so

Researchers in Munich and Stockholm have discovered that a drug could potentially prevent trauma before it takes hold. The study, published in June, involved manipulating the prenatal environment of mice to create a difficult infancy. These mice, despite appearing healthy, consistently ranked lower in social hierarchies as they grew older.

The researchers identified a protein called FKBP51 that controls the sensitivity of cortisol receptors, which are responsible for regulating stress responses. Early hardship led to an overproduction of this protein, causing stress responses to remain on longer than necessary. A compound called SAFit2, which blocks FKBP51, was administered to the offspring through breast milk.

This treatment resulted in the mice performing equally to those who had not experienced adversity, effectively erasing the social cost of a difficult start. The effects were observed in specific brain regions involved in emotional control and reward. While the study demonstrates prevention, not repair, it also highlights the potential for earlier identification of at-risk individuals.

Current treatments for stress-related disorders focus on treating symptoms rather than the underlying cause. This research suggests a more targeted approach, potentially identifying genetically vulnerable individuals and treating them specifically after acute traumatic events. However, SAFit2 is currently a research compound and has not been developed or safety-tested for human use.

The study's findings could pave the way for a more targeted approach to stress-related disorders, potentially becoming available within the next decade.