UPSC Mains Answer Practice — GS 2: India’s engagement with Arctic and e-Marketplace (Week 167)

India's involvement in the Arctic has expanded due to its scientific importance, environmental concerns, economic opportunities, and strategic relevance. As a rising hotspot for climate change, scientific research, resource competition, maritime connectivity, and great-power rivalry, the Arctic holds significance for India's foreign policy and national interests.

The Arctic's changing climate impacts Indian monsoon patterns and extreme weather events, making it crucial for India's food and water security. Climate models and forecasting skills depend on polar research, which India has been actively contributing to since 2008 through its permanent research station in Svalbard. Observing the Arctic Council enables India to participate in talks about scientific research, environmental protection, and sustainable resource use, despite not having decision-making power.

As the Arctic sees increased strategic competition between Russia, the United States, and China, melting sea ice opens up new shipping routes and access to natural resources, affecting global trade patterns and energy markets. To strengthen India's Arctic engagement, the government should enhance polar research infrastructure, operationalize its Polar Research Vehicle, deepen cooperation with Arctic nations, and utilize its observer status better.

Designating a Polar Ambassador could also improve diplomatic consistency in India's Arctic strategy.