How the Indian Railways moves closer to becoming net-zero carbon emitter by 2030

The Indian Railways, the world's largest rail network, is making strides towards achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2030. Presently, the railways account for approximately 2% of the national grid's power output, making its decarbonisation efforts crucial for India's climate commitments. As of March 2026, the railways have already electrified 99.6% of its broad-gauge network, stretching over 68,000 kilometers. This milestone is a significant step towards the railway's ultimate net-zero carbon goal.

To reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2030, Indian Railways has adopted a five-pillar strategy that encompasses full electrification, renewable energy integration, alternative clean fuels, green buildings, and green financing. These pillars represent an integrated approach to decarbonisation, leveraging technology and sustainable practices to minimize the railways' carbon footprint.

Electrification, the cornerstone of the railways' decarbonisation plan, has already reached 99.6% coverage on broad-gauge routes. However, the remaining 0.4% of routes, which are either heritage or non-electrified, will be gradually converted to hydrogen or battery-powered. The railway also aims to procure 30,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2030, significantly boosting the share of clean power in its energy portfolio.

In addition to electrification, alternative clean fuels such as hydrogen and fuel cell technology are being explored for heritage routes. Biodiesel blends are already being used on certain routes where overhead power lines are not feasible. Green buildings are another focus, with over 100 major railway stations achieving IGBC/BEE star ratings. Financial support for these initiatives comes in the form of green bonds and long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs) that secure competitive green energy tariffs.