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A Neighborhood Attention Transformer Network for Enhanced 3D Segmentation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Background: Accurate segmentation of the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery in 3D free-breathing, non-contrast CT is critical for cardiac dose sparing in thoracic radiotherapy. The LAD is extremely small, has poor soft-tissue contrast, and varies substantially across patients; even manual contours show limited inter-observer agreement, underscoring the ambiguity of the vessel boundaries.…

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Sample Efficiency: Humans vs Models

Everyone agrees models need far more data than children. The size of the gap depends entirely on decisions about what to count, and those decisions move the answer by more than the disagreement they…

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