Why three heavyweights joined forces in a NATO-like pact
A NATO-like defence pact signed by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan has landed like a stone thrown into an already rippling Middle East pool.
Three heavyweight nations—Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Pakistan—have formed a pact akin to NATO, aiming to strengthen collective defense against aggression in the Middle East. Signed in Mecca last Friday, the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement is intended to deter any act of aggression against any of the three nations, treating an attack on one as an attack on all.
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan confirmed the agreement mirrors NATO's Article 5, but its practical implications remain uncertain. The signing took place in Islam's holiest city, emphasizing the alliance's strength and unity among Sunni Muslim countries. Each of the signatories brings unique strengths to the table: Saudi Arabia as a Gulf energy giant and major US military equipment purchaser, Türkiye as NATO's biggest army and increasing defense manufacturer, and Pakistan as a nuclear-armed power with growing influence and ties to China and Russia.
The pact challenges perceptions of Israel as the region's new hegemonic power and Iran's potential dominance. While the deal may benefit China due to Türkiye's military exports, its complex ties could also benefit other Gulf states like Egypt and Jordan, though their relationships with the US remain significant factors.
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