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Linux Memory Region Data Structures

The memory descriptor ( mm_struct ) maintains information about a process's address space (current memory it owns). One of its members is a linked list of Virtual Memory Areas (VMAs) , represented by vm_area_struct . The memory descriptor ( mm_struct ) contains a field named mmap , which points to the head of the linked list of Virtual Memory Areas (VMAs) . Each VMA ( vm_area_struct ) contains a…

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Safeguarding Your Systems: An Introduction to the Circuit Breaker Pattern

The circuit breaker pattern is a modern software design strategy used to detect failures and prevent an application from repeatedly executing an operation that is highly likely to fail.

  • Circuit breaker pattern prevents continuous execution of likely-failing operations
  • Acts as protective shield around external calls, halting traffic to broken services
  • Operates in Closed, Open, and Half-Open states to manage service recovery

Thinking and Decision Making: Cognitive Processes Explained

Introduction Every day you make thousands of decisions: what to eat, which route to take, whether a news headline is true. You probably think you're reasoning logically through each choice.

  • Decision-making relies on algorithms and heuristics
  • Heuristics are mental shortcuts, not always reliable
  • Common heuristics: availability and representativeness