Japan tests long-range Type 12 missile as counterstrike capability against China grows

Japan has begun flight testing the air-launched variant of its upgraded Type 12 anti-ship missile, marking a significant milestone in its efforts to develop long-range strike capabilities. The missile, with a reported range of about 1,000km, was first publicly confirmed in photographs taken at Gifu airbase on July 30. The trial stage of the test is designed to evaluate aerodynamic characteristics and structural loads before proceeding to live-fire testing.

This development is part of Japan's broader strategy to create multi-domain counterstrike capabilities, including ground-launched, ship-launched, and soon submarine-launched versions. The air-launched variant offers greater platform flexibility, allowing strikes to be launched from airspace over Kyushu and Honshu, increasing the operational burden for Chinese forces.

Experts argue that the missile family enhances Japan's defense of its southwestern islands and enables Tokyo to establish an anti-access strategy, constraining PLA operations in the region. It also strengthens the alliance with the US by aligning Japan's counterstrike doctrine more closely with Washington's, making it harder for Beijing to undermine allied deterrence.

However, the effectiveness of Japan's counterstrike options relies on overcoming challenges in developing a resilient network of sensors and secure communications to track and update targets. Japan's indigenous production of the missile allows for greater control over procurement and reduces dependence on foreign-made weapons. The Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force recently conducted its first live-firing of a US-made Tomahawk cruise missile from the destroyer JS Chokai, providing interim sea-based strike capability while domestic programs mature.

Japan's National Intelligence Bureau, established recently, aims to improve intelligence collection and analysis for effective target packages against potential Chinese threats.