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Activity-dependent structural plasticity of myelinated axons tunes their excitability

Myelinated axons are classically viewed as stable cables of fixed geometry. We show here that a brief subthreshold stimulation of single nodes in mouse dorsal column axons drives a rapid, lasting structural change: the stimulated axons shrink locally along the internode segments adjacent to the node, to about 70% of their diameter within a few seconds, while neighbouring glia swell to fill the…

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