{
  "id": 2203155,
  "title": "SC modifies 1978 ‘triple test’ for industry",
  "url": "https://urgent.news/2026/08/20/sc-modifies-1978-triple-test-for-industry",
  "topic": "business",
  "section": "Business",
  "published": "2026-08-20T18:33:49.000Z",
  "source": {
    "name": "The Economic Times",
    "slug": "the-economic-times",
    "url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sc-modifies-1978-triple-test-for-deciding-what-qualifies-as-an-industry/articleshow/133386252.cms"
  },
  "original_language": "en",
  "account": "Delhi: In a landmark 5-4 decision on Thursday, a nine-member Supreme Court bench revised elements of the triple test framework established by a 1978 ruling to determine what constitutes an industry under the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947. While affirming the core principles laid out nearly five decades ago, the bench acknowledged the need for refinements to better align with the scope and boundaries of Section 2(j) of the act. Chief Justice Surya Kant and four colleagues argued that certain aspects of the original ruling could have been phrased more precisely to reflect the true nature of an industry. Consequently, they proposed a revised triple test that will apply to future cases, while leaving the interpretation of industry under the 2020 Industrial Relations Code to be determined independently by that statute. The ruling, not yet published on the court's website, stated that the modified test will have a prospective effect, meaning cases already pending before courts, tribunals, or labor authorities under the 1947 Act will be adjudicated according to the earlier definition, as explained by CJI Kant and Justice PS Narasimha.",
  "summary": null,
  "key_points": [],
  "editors_take": null,
  "illustration": null,
  "coverage": {
    "outlets": 1,
    "also_reported_by": []
  },
  "ai_generated": true,
  "disclaimer": "Summaries, key points and the editor’s take are written by software from other outlets’ reporting and may contain errors — always check the linked original."
}