{
  "id": 17177862,
  "title": "Defence expert calls for special units to tackle zama zamas",
  "url": "https://urgent.news/2026/10/30/defence-expert-calls-for-special-units-to-tackle-zama-zamas",
  "topic": "world",
  "section": "World",
  "published": "2026-10-30T04:30:00.000Z",
  "source": {
    "name": "The Citizen",
    "slug": "the-citizen",
    "url": "https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/defence-expert-calls-for-special-units-to-tackle-zama-zamas/"
  },
  "original_language": "en",
  "account": "Defence expert Helmoed-Römer Heitman has called for specialized units to combat the growing zama zama criminal network. After observing footage of zama zama fighters on a Primrose Hill landfill site, Heitman believes the issue needs a response beyond regular policing. He suggested the Police's Special Task Force, potentially with an air wing helicopter or drones, and possible support from the army's Light Brigade.\n\nWillem Els, a specialist from the Security Initiative for Africa, explained that illegal miners operate in both active and abandoned mines. In some instances, they have allegedly colluded with mine employees, granting them access to operational shafts. However, Els noted that inadequate legislation to tackle illegal mining poses a challenge. He stated that while mining is private property, police cannot enter unilaterally without the involvement of mine owners or management.\n\nEls emphasized that police must coordinate with mine security when making arrests. Those detained without explosives, firearms, or gold-bearing materials may face trespassing fines and release the next day. The absence of suitable legislation to address these issues is a significant concern, according to Els.\n\nEls further revealed that many illegal miners are former military personnel. Most zama zamas interviewed by The Citizen claimed their leadership was provided by a former Lesotho National Defence Force officer. Several members of this group suspected that the majority of illegal miners were ex-soldiers.",
  "summary": "Defence expert Helmoed-Romer Heitman says the situation in Primrose Hill requires a response beyond normal policing.",
  "key_points": [],
  "editors_take": null,
  "illustration": null,
  "coverage": {
    "outlets": 1,
    "also_reported_by": []
  },
  "ai_generated": true,
  "disclaimer": "Summaries, key points and the editor’s take are written by software from other outlets’ reporting and may contain errors — always check the linked original."
}