{
  "id": 16816803,
  "title": "Taxes: the invisible toll that brakes housing construction",
  "url": "https://urgent.news/2026/10/27/impuestos-el-peaje-invisible-que-frena-la-construccion-de-vivienda",
  "topic": "business",
  "section": "Business",
  "published": "2026-10-27T23:03:24.000Z",
  "source": {
    "name": "Expansion ES",
    "slug": "expansion-es",
    "url": "https://www.expansion.com/fiscal/2026/10/28/impuestos-peaje-invisible-frena-construccion-vivienda.html"
  },
  "original_language": "es",
  "account": "Spain's housing market is heavily influenced by a complex web of municipal taxes and fees that artificially inflate the cost of new construction. According to Juan Carpizo, a tax expert at Andersen, these fiscal burdens are a significant structural surcharge for the final buyer, making it harder for people to access housing. The tax journey starts when a developer acquires a plot of land, incurring the Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles (IBI) and Impuesto sobre Construcciones, Instalaciones y Obras (ICIO), which can be up to 4% of the construction cost. Additionally, various fees and taxes, including the contentious Impuesto sobre el Incremento de Valor de los Terrenos de Naturaleza Urbana (IIVTNU), or plusvalía municipal, further increase the cost, which is then passed on to the buyer.",
  "summary": "A tangle of municipal taxes and fees artificially increases the cost of new construction. Spain, unlike Europe, exceptionally taxes each phase of construction.",
  "key_points": [],
  "editors_take": null,
  "illustration": null,
  "coverage": {
    "outlets": 1,
    "also_reported_by": []
  },
  "ai_generated": true,
  "disclaimer": "Summaries, key points and the editor’s take are written by software from other outlets’ reporting and may contain errors — always check the linked original."
}