{
  "id": 16204523,
  "title": "Pakistan, Saudi Arabia have ratified Makkah defence pact, Türkiye in process: FO",
  "url": "https://urgent.news/2026/10/23/pakistan-saudi-arabia-have-ratified-makkah-defence-pact-turkiye-in",
  "topic": "business",
  "section": "Business",
  "published": "2026-10-23T14:56:46.000Z",
  "source": {
    "name": "Business Recorder",
    "slug": "business-recorder",
    "url": "https://www.brecorder.com/news/40445642/pakistan-saudi-arabia-have-ratified-makkah-defence-pact-turkiye-in-process-fo"
  },
  "original_language": "en",
  "account": "Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye have all taken steps towards ratifying the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, according to the Foreign Office. While Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have completed their ratification processes, Türkiye is still going through its domestic legal procedures. The Foreign Office spokesperson, Sajjad Haider Khan, confirmed this during a press briefing. The agreement's text was first made public by Türkiye after it submitted it to the Turkish parliament for approval. Pakistan has not released the full text of the agreement. The spokesperson explained that each country follows its own constitutional and legal procedures for ratification.\n\nThe 16-article agreement treats an external armed attack on any party as an attack on all, as per Article 2. The spokesperson clarified that this includes Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia. The pact is defensive and aligns with Article 51 of the UN Charter, and it is not directed against any specific country. The spokesperson emphasized that the assistance provided would be determined collectively by the three countries after a thorough evaluation of the circumstances. Any decision on invoking the agreement would rest with the three partners. Pakistan reaffirmed its commitment to the agreement, describing it as aimed at promoting regional peace, security, and stability.",
  "summary": "Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have completed ratification of the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, the Foreign Office said on Friday, adding that Türkiye is still taking the trilateral pact through its domestic legal procedures. “Pakistan and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have already completed their ratification processes, while Türkiye is undertaking the requisite procedures in accordance with its domestic…",
  "key_points": [],
  "editors_take": null,
  "illustration": null,
  "coverage": {
    "outlets": 1,
    "also_reported_by": []
  },
  "ai_generated": true,
  "disclaimer": "Summaries, key points and the editor’s take are written by software from other outlets’ reporting and may contain errors — always check the linked original."
}