{
  "id": 13640064,
  "title": "Yoroku: Let's not allow Japan to slip into a horizontal writing-only world",
  "url": "https://urgent.news/2026/10/11/yoroku-lets-not-allow-japan-to-slip-into-a-horizontal-writing-only",
  "topic": "culture",
  "section": "Culture",
  "published": "2026-10-11T04:00:12.000Z",
  "source": {
    "name": "The Mainichi",
    "slug": "the-mainichi",
    "url": "https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20261009/p2a/00m/0op/005000c"
  },
  "original_language": "en",
  "account": "It has been over a century since the Dutch first began studying horizontal letters after their arrival in Japan. The study of this writing style began during the Kyoho Reforms of Tokugawa Yoshimune in 1720, when Western books were allowed to be imported. This led to Dutch interpreters in Nagasaki being permitted to study horizontal letters, which are written and read horizontally. The misconception is that Japanese is written vertically, but there are vertical writing examples on horizontal plaques.\n\nHorizontal writing became prevalent after the Meiji Restoration in 1868 as Japan embraced Western culture. Prior to World War II, there was a significant amount of horizontal writing from right to left, which aligned with the vertical writing system where columns progress in the same direction. Post-war, left-to-right horizontal writing gained popularity. Today, even textbooks are predominantly written horizontally with the exception of Japanese language texts.\n\nA recent public opinion survey conducted by the Agency for Cultural Affairs revealed that slightly over 30% of respondents stated they do not encounter vertical writing in their daily lives. This figure is quite startling when considering the prevalence of vertical writing in media such as newspapers, magazines, and novels.\n\nThe reason why people can go through life without encountering vertical writing is likely due to the increased reliance on smartphones as the primary source of information. Vertical writing does not align well with internet media, which has been shaped by the horizontal letters world. Interestingly, China, the origin of vertical text, fully adopted horizontal writing following the war.\n\nHowever, Japan has skillfully incorporated both vertical and horizontal writing depending on the context. The traditional art of calligraphy relies on vertical writing. There is a concern that a world dominated solely by horizontal writing would not be ideal.",
  "summary": "\"It was more than 100 years after the arrival of the Dutch that the study of horizontal letters began.\" What Japanese scholar Sugita Genpaku (1733-18",
  "key_points": [
    "Horizontal writing became dominant after Meiji Restoration in 1868",
    "30% of respondents in survey don't encounter vertical writing daily",
    "Japan skillfully uses both vertical and horizontal writing contexts"
  ],
  "editors_take": null,
  "illustration": null,
  "coverage": {
    "outlets": 2,
    "also_reported_by": [
      {
        "outlet": "Japan Times",
        "title": "26% in Japan see U.S. as biggest threat to world peace: survey",
        "url": "https://urgent.news/2026/10/11/26-in-japan-see-u-s-as-biggest-threat-to-world-peace-survey",
        "published": "2026-10-11T01:31:00.000Z"
      }
    ]
  },
  "ai_generated": true,
  "disclaimer": "Summaries, key points and the editor’s take are written by software from other outlets’ reporting and may contain errors — always check the linked original."
}